MARIE SOPHIE DAUCHEZ (19)
La besnéta us dóna ara informació sobre el sistema escolar de l'època, que potser ens ajuda a entendre per què la nostra àvia era tan francesa. Com hem vist amb l'exemple de l'alcalde, no havia anat a una escola qualsevol, d'un país qualsevol, en un moment qualsevol de la història, sinó que havia assistit a una escola francesa de la III República, una institució que deixava molta empremta.
Després de la guerra del 1870 amb Alemanya, es van acabar les monarquies a França, en concret l'Imperi de Napoleó III, i es va instaurar una República que fins el 1879 va estar en mans d'una dreta molt recalcitrant. Però durant la dècada del 1880 vénen nous aires i aquells republicans que complotaven a Lyon els anys 30, o sobretot els seus successors, ja poden respirar tranquils, perquè estan arribant les lleis socials que anhelaven. Hi ha un personatge que es farà famós per les reformes que promou des del Consell de Ministres, Jules Ferry. En realitat, molts dels símbols republicans que un forani que es passeja per França creu que estan dempeus des de la Revolució Francesa, daten de la III República. La Marsellesa es popularitza a aquesta època i és també durant aquests anys que es grava a tots els edificis públics la divisa Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité. A Jules Ferry es deu la llei que instaura l'escola pública, laica, gratuïta, obligatòria per a nois i noies de sis a tretze anys i que omple el país d'edificis semblants al de l'escola Aveyron.
La Léona explicava que un dia, com que la seva mare estava malalta, va haver d'anar a comprar un remei i pel carrer la va parar un guàrdia:
-Nena, com és que no ets a escola?
-És que vaig a la farmàcia perquè la meva mare no està bé.
Això ja ho veurem, va pensar el guàrdia, i la va acompanyar fins a casa per comprovar que, en efecte, la Marie era al llit, malalta.
Aquesta història resumia l'obligatorietat de l'escola i el zel de l'autoritat perquè l'escolarització fos efectiva. La Léona donava valor a aquesta imatge, França era això, l'educació. D'altra banda, els instituteurs, els mestres de primària, havien estat durant els anys anteriors al ministeri de Jules Ferry l'exèrcit de propagandistes republicans més potent que mai hagi tingut cap bàndol polític a cap país, i ara continuaven la seva tasca alliçonadora amb el suport de la nova llei. La nostra àvia no havia anat a cap altra escola, la seva llengua d'escriptura era el francès, i al col.legi també hi havia fet seu un fort sentiment patriòtic. La besnéta s'ha preguntat a vegades si els bunyols plans i allargassats que la Léona ens feia quan érem petits i que, com qui no diu res, s'anomenaven orelles de Kàiser, els hi havia ensenyat a fer la Marie o els hi havia ensenyat a fer un d'aquells instituteurs republicans que li explicaven història de França.
Comença a (Marie Sophie Dauchez 1) i continua a (Marie Sophie Dauchez 20)
Fe d'errates (!): Rafael Bigorra, que coneix molt bé el món tèxtil, m'avisa amablement que a Marie Sophie Dauchez (7) i també al (10) he escrit "trama" enlloc de "ordit". Li agraeixo el comentari. Ho acabo de corregir.
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